Oral thrush treatment commonly aims at the underlying cause of the infection. In diabetics, the blood sugar levels (blood glucose levels) must be carefully controlled. Patients with an immune deficiency may require oral or IV antifungals.

In otherwise physically healthy adults, mild oral thrush cases can often be treated by drinking an acidic substance such as orange juice. Yogurt also helps by replenishing the bacteria which control the Candida albicans yeast. Treatment by a medical professional may still be necessary if at-home treatment does not take care of the infection.

In babies, infants and nursing mothers, both parties must be properly treated, otherwise the infection may be passed back and forth to each other. Mild types of antifungals may be prescribed by the doctor.

Additional steps to take in some cases include practicing good oral hygiene with frequent brushing and flossing of teeth, rinsing of the mouth (with warm saltwater), and consistent visits to the dentist every six to twelve months. Avoiding excessive sugars and foods with yeast may also help.